Leica special editions and documented exceptions

Why exceptions matter

Special allocations can sit inside a broader model block, reuse a partially filled range, or carry a region-specific finish. A copied special-edition number can still produce a plausible database result. Physical inspection and provenance remain essential.

Reviewed records

Serial block	Model / exception	Detail	Allocation
34803–34817	Leica I Luxus	special	1930
111551–111580	Leica II	Silver chrome	1933
112001–112500	Leica II	Silver chrome	1933
114001–114050	Leica Standard	Silver chrome	1933
114051–114052	Leica Reporter	special	1933
114401–115300	Leica II	Silver chrome	1933
115651–115900	Leica II	Silver chrome	1934
115901–116000	Leica Standard	Silver chrome	1934
116001–123000	Leica III	Silver chrome	1933
123581–124800	Leica III	Silver chrome	1933
124801–126200	Leica III	Silver chrome	1933
137626–138700	Leica III	Silver chrome	1934
138701–138950	Leica Standard	Silver chrome	1934
138951–139900	Leica II	Silver chrome	1934
140001–141500	Leica III	Silver chrome	1934
141901–142250	Leica III	Silver chrome	1934
143426–143750	Leica II	Silver chrome	1934
147176–147875	Leica I	Silver chrome	1934
147876–148025	Leica II	Silver chrome	1934
148026–148850	Leica III	Silver chrome	1934
148851–148950	Leica II	Silver chrome	1934
148951–149350	Leica III	Silver chrome	1935
149451–149550	Leica II	Silver chrome	1934–1935
149551–150000	Leica III	Silver chrome	1935
150001–150124	Leica Reporter	special	1934–1936
150125–150200	Leica Reporter	special	1935–1936
150201–150850	Leica III	Silver chrome	1934–1935
152501–152600	Leica I	Silver chrome	1935
152601–153175	Leica III	Silver chrome	1935
154801–154900	Leica I	Silver chrome	1935
156201–156850	Leica IIIa	1/1000 s	1935
161801–161950	Leica III	Silver chrome	1935
260001–260100	Leica Reporter	special	1937
300001–300100	Leica Reporter	special	1938
324001–324100	Leica Reporter	special	1939
349001–349050	Leica Reporter	special	1940
352301–352500	Leica Reporter	special	1940–1942
353601–353800	Leica Reporter	special	1942–1943
355651–356500	Leica military camera (model unresolved)	conflicting	Not stated
355651–356500	Unassigned camera allocation	unassigned	Not stated
357201–358500	Unassigned camera allocation	unassigned	Not stated
358651–360000	Unassigned camera allocation	unassigned	Not stated
397651–399999	Unassigned camera allocation	unassigned	Not stated
610001–611000	Leica IIIf	Canada	1952
684001–685000	Leica IIIf	Canada	1953
685001–699999	Leica IIIf	Self-timer	1954
710001–711000	Leica IIIf	Self-timer · Canada	1954
729001–730000	Leica IIIf	Self-timer · Canada	1954
746451–746500	Leica M3	Canada	1955
759701–760000	Leica M3	Canada	1955
765001–773000	Leica IIIf	Self-timer	1955
773001–774000	Leica IIIf	Canada	1955
774001–775000	Leica IIIf	Self-timer	1955
780001–780100	Leica M3	Canada	1955
805001–805100	Leica M3	Canada	1955
816901–817000	Leica M3	Canada	1956
817001–820500	Leica M3	Double-stroke · Silver chrome	1956
829851–830000	Leica M3	Canada	1956
837501–837620	Leica M3	Canada	1956
839621–839700	Leica M3	Canada	1956
840501–840820	Leica M3	Canada	1956
844781–845000	Leica M3	Canada	1956
845001–845380	Leica IIIg	Canada	1956
861601–862000	Leica IIIg	Canada	1957
866621–867000	Leica M3	Canada	1957
871201–872000	Leica IIIg	Canada	1957
886701–887000	Leica M3	Canada	1957
894001–894570	Leica M3	Canada	1957
903001–903300	Leica M3	Canada	1957
910501–910600	Leica M3	Olive · special	1957
920501–920521	Leica M3	Olive · special	1958
924401–924500	Leica M3	Canada	1958
928918–928922	Leica Postkamera	special	1963
928923–929000	Leica Postkamera	special	1959
934001–934200	Leica IIIg	Canada	1958
937621–937650	Leica M2	Canada	1958
942901–943000	Leica M2	Canada	1958
946301–946400	Leica M2	Canada	1958
946401–946900	Unassigned camera allocation	unassigned	1958
946901–947000	Leica M2	Canada	1958
948501–948600	Leica M2	Canada	1958
948601–949100	Leica M2	Black paint	1958
949101–949400	Leica M2	Self-timer	1958
951901–952000	Leica M3	Canada	1959
954801–954900	Leica M3	Canada	1959
954901–955000	Leica M3	Canada	1959
959401–959500	Leica M3	Black paint	1959
959501–960200	Leica M2	Self-timer	1959
961501–961700	Leica M3	Canada	1959
968351–968500	Leica M3	Canada	1959
974701–975000	Leica M3	Canada	1959
975801–976100	Leica M2	Self-timer	1960
980451–980500	Leica M1	Olive · special	1960
982001–982150	Leica M2	Self-timer	1960
982901–983500	Leica M2	Self-timer	1959
984001–984200	Leica M3	Canada	1959
987001–987200	Leica M3	Canada	1960
987201–987300	Leica M2	Canada	1960
987536–987600	Leica Postkamera	special	1960
987901–988025	Leica IIIg	Black paint	1960
988651–989250	Leica M2	Self-timer	1960
989251–989650	Leica M2	Self-timer	1960
989801–990500	Leica M2	Self-timer	1960
990501–990750	Leica M2	Black paint	1960
993501–993750	Leica M3	Black paint	1960
995001–995100	Leica M2	Canada	1960
995101–995400	Leica M2	Self-timer	1960
998001–998300	Leica M3	Canada	1960
1003701–1004000	Leica M3	Canada	1960
1004001–1007000	Leica M2	Self-timer	1960
1005101–1005350	Leica M2	Self-timer	1960
1005351–1005450	Leica M2	Canada	1960
1005751–1005770	Leica M2	Luftwaffe · special	1960
1014001–1014300	Leica M3	Canada	1960
1017901–1018000	Leica M2	Canada	1961
1020101–1020200	Leica M2	Canada	1961
1022701–1023000	Leica M3	Canada	1961
1027801–1028000	Leica M3	Canada	1961
1031801–1032000	Leica M2	Black paint	1961
1035926–1036000	Leica M1	Olive · special	1961
1036001–1036050	Leica M2	Canada	1961
1036051–1036350	Leica M3	Canada	1961
1037951–1038000	Leica M2	Canada	1961
1038801–1039000	Leica M3	Black paint	1961
1043801–1044000	Leica M2	Black paint	1961
1047801–1048000	Leica M3	Canada	1962
1053101–1053250	Leica M2	Black paint	1962
1054901–1055000	Leica M2	Canada	1962
1059850–1059999	Leica M3	Black paint	1962
1061701–1061800	Leica M2	Canada	1962
1065001–1065200	Leica M3	Canada	1962
1067871–1068000	Leica Postkamera	special	1963
1075001–1075300	Leica M2	Black paint	1963
1078501–1078800	Leica M3	Black paint	1963
1085451–1085500	Leica Postkamera	special	1964
1093501–1093750	Leica M2	Black paint	1964
1093751–1093800	Leica M2	Canada	1964
1097701–1097850	Leica M3	Black paint	1964
1097851–1098000	Leica M3	Canada	1964
1098101–1098183	Leica M1	Olive · special	1964
1099801–1099900	Leica M2	Canada	1964
1100401–1100450	Leica M3	Olive · special	1964
1104901–1105000	Leica M2	Canada	1965
1106901–1107000	Leica M3	Canada	1965
1114976–1115000	Leica Postkamera	special	1965
1130001–1130300	Leica M2	Black paint	1965
1132901–1133000	Leica M2	Canada	1965
1134001–1134150	Leica M3	Black paint	1965
1135001–1135100	Leica M3	Canada	1965
1138901–1139000	Leica M2	Canada	1966
1140901–1141000	Leica M3	Canada	1966
1141897–1141968	Leica Postkamera	special	1966
1141969–1142000	Leica Postkamera	special	1966
1157591–1157600	Leica M3	Black paint	1966
1158501–1158510	Leica M3	Black paint	1966
1158996–1159000	Leica M3	Olive · special	1966
1162401–1162450	Leica M2	Black paint	1966
1163771–1164046	Leica M2	Motor	1966
1164866–1164940	Leica Postkamera	special	1967
1178001–1178100	Leica M4	Canada	1967
1181501–1182000	Leica M4	Black paint	1968
1183001–1183100	Leica M4	Canada	1967
1185001–1185300	Leica M4	Motor	1968
1185151–1185290	Leica M4	Black paint	1968
1185291–1185300	Leica Postkamera	special	1968
1205962–1205999	Leica M3	Olive · special	1969
1206752–1206891	Leica M4	Motor	1969
1206892–1206941	Leica Postkamera	special	1969
1206942–1206961	Leica Postkamera	special	1969
1207000–1207000	Leica M2	Special · Black paint	1968
1207001–1207480	Leica M4	Black paint	1969
1225001–1225800	Leica M4	Black paint	1969
1246201–1248100	Leica M4	Black paint	1969–1970
1248101–1248200	Leica M4	Motor	1969
1266001–1266100	Leica M4	Black paint	1970–1971
1266101–1266131	Leica M4	Olive · special	1970
1266132–1267100	Leica M4	Black paint	1970
1267101–1267500	Leica M4	Motor	1970
1273922–1273925	Leica Postkamera	special	1971
1273926–1274000	Leica Postkamera	special	1971
1274001–1274100	Leica M4	Motor	1971
1286201–1286700	Leica M4	Black paint	1971
1286701–1286760	Leica Postkamera	special	1972
1286761–1287000	Unassigned camera allocation	unassigned	1972
1287251–1288000	Leica M5	Black chrome	1971
1288001–1289000	Leica M5	Silver chrome	1971
1289001–1291400	Leica M5	Black chrome	1971–1972
1291401–1293000	Leica M5	Silver chrome	1971–1972
1293673–1293770	Leica MDa	Reproduction configuration	1972
1293776–1293877	Leica MDa	Reproduction configuration	1972
1293878–1294000	Leica Postkamera	special	1972
1295001–1296500	Leicaflex SL	Motor	1972
1295001–1300000	Unassigned camera allocation	unassigned	1972
1296501–1300000	Leica M5	Black chrome	1972
1345001–1347000	Leica M5	Silver chrome	1972
1347001–1350000	Leica M5	Black chrome	1972
1350001–1354000	Leica M5	Black chrome	1972
1354001–1355000	Leica M5	Silver chrome	1973
1355001–1356500	Leica M5	Silver chrome	1973
1356001–1360000	Leica M5	Black chrome	1973–1974
1361501–1363000	Leica M5	Silver chrome	1973–1974
1363001–1365000	Leica M5	Black chrome	1973
1375001–1378000	Leica M5	Black chrome	1973–1974
1378001–1379000	Leica M5	Silver chrome	1974
1380001–1382600	Leica M4	Black chrome	1974
1380401–1380450	Leica M4	Reproduction configuration · Black chrome	1974
1382051–1382600	Leica M4	Special engraving	1974–1975
1382501–1383000	Leica M5	Silver chrome	1974
1383001–1384000	Leica M5	Black chrome	1974
1384001–1384600	Leica M4	Black chrome	1974
1413351–1414150	Leica M4	Black chrome	1975
1414151–1415000	Leica M4	Black chrome	1975
1443001–1443170	Leica M4	Black chrome	1975
1446001–1446100	Leica R3	Silver chrome · Portugal	1976
1446101–1447100	Leica R3	Silver chrome · Portugal	1976
1447101–1449000	Leica R3	Black chrome · Portugal	1976
1449001–1450500	Leica R3	Black chrome	1976
1450501–1450900	Leica R3	Silver chrome	1977
1450901–1468000	Leica R3	Black chrome	1977–1978
1468001–1468100	Leica M4-2	Portugal	1977–1978
1468101–1470000	Leica R3	Olive · Portugal · special	1977–1978
1470001–1479000	Leica R3	Black chrome	1978
1479001–1480000	Leica R3	Silver chrome · Portugal	1978
1480001–1482000	Leica M4-R	Canada	1978
1482001–1485000	Leica R3	Olive · Portugal · special	1978
1485001–1491000	Leica R3	Black chrome · Portugal	1978
1491001–1492250	Leica R3	Silver chrome · Portugal	1978
1492251–1502000	Leica R3	Motor · Portugal	1978
1508001–1523750	Leica R3	Motor · Portugal	1979
1523751–1523850	Leica R3	Black chrome · Portugal	1979
1523851–1524850	Leica R3	Gold · Portugal · special	1979
1524851–1525350	Leica R3	Silver chrome · Portugal	1979
1533351–1543350	Leica R4	Black chrome	1980
1552351–1562350	Leica R4	Black chrome	1981
1564351–1574350	Leica R4	Black chrome	1981–1982
1574351–1576350	Leica R4	Silver chrome	1982
1576351–1586350	Leica R4	Black chrome	1982
1590551–1592550	Leica R4	Silver chrome	1982
1592551–1602550	Leica R4	Black chrome	1982
1602551–1604550	Leica R4	Silver chrome	1982
1606551–1616550	Leica R4	Black chrome	1983
1616551–1618550	Leica R4	Silver chrome	1983
1618551–1620550	Leica M4-P	Silver chrome	1983
1622551–1632550	Leica R4	Black chrome	1983
1636551–1637550	Leica M4-P	Silver chrome	1983
1651251–1652250	Leica R4	Gold · special	1984
1659251–1664250	Leica R4	Black chrome	1984
1664351–1665350	Leica R4	Silver chrome	1984
1682351–1682950	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1986
1694951–1696450	Leica R4	Black chrome	1986
1696451–1701450	Leica R5	Black chrome	1986
1705451–1707450	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1986
1707451–1711450	Leica M6	Black chrome	1986
1711451–1714450	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1987
1714451–1719450	Leica R5	Black chrome	1987
1719451–1720450	Leica R5	Silver chrome	1987
1720451–1724450	Leica R5	Black chrome	1987
1724451–1728450	Leica M6	Black chrome	1987
1728451–1732450	Leica R6	Black chrome	1987
1732451–1733450	Leica R5	Silver chrome	1987
1733451–1738450	Leica R5	Black chrome	1988
1738451–1741450	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1988
1741451–1745450	Leica M6	Black chrome	1988
1745451–1755450	Leica R6	Black chrome	1988
1755451–1758450	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1988
1757001–1758001	Leica M6	Platinum · special	1988
1758002–1758251	Leica M6	Platinum · special	1988
1758451–1762450	Leica M6	Black chrome	1988
1762451–1765750	Leica R5	Black chrome	1988
1765751–1768000	Leica R6	Silver chrome	1989
1768001–1770220	Leica R5	Black chrome	1989
1770221–1770485	Leica R5	Black chrome	1989
1770486–1772500	Leica R5	Silver chrome	1989
1772501–1775000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1989
1774001–1774125	Leica special engraving (model unresolved)	Special engraving · Japan · special	1988
1775001–1777000	Leica R5	Silver chrome	1990
1777001–1777500	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1990
1779001–1782000	Leica M6	Black chrome	1990
1783001–1786000	Leica M6	Black chrome	1990
1790001–1790500	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1991
1790501–1791000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1991
1793001–1794500	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1991
1794501–1797000	Leica M6	Black chrome	1991
1903501–1904500	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1991
1904501–1906500	Leica M6	Black chrome	1991
1906501–1907500	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1991
1907101–1907300	Leica M6	Columbus · special	1991
1908501–1912000	Leica R7	Black chrome	1991
1912001–1914000	Leica R6.2	Black chrome	1991
1914001–1915000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1992
1915001–1918000	Leica M6	Black chrome	1992
1918001–1918020	Leica M5	Silver chrome	1992
1918021–1919020	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1992
1919021–1920000	Leica R7	Silver chrome	1992
1920001–1923000	Leica R7	Black chrome	1992
1923001–1924000	Leica R6.2	Silver chrome	1992
1924001–1926000	Leica R7	Silver chrome	1992
1926001–1928000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1992
1928001–1931000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1992
1928200–1928300	Leica M6	Rooster · special	1992
1929001–1929199	Leica M6	Rooster · special	1992
1931001–1932000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1992
1932001–1932002	Leica M4-2	Gold · special	1993
1932003–1933000	Leica R6.2	Silver chrome	1993
1933001–1934000	Leica R7	Black chrome	1993
1934001–1935000	Leica R7	Black chrome	1993
1935001–1936000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1993
1936001–1937000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1993
1937001–1937101	Leica M6	Foto-Royal · special	1993
1937001–1937999	Leica R6.2	Black chrome	1993
1938151–1940000	Leica R7	Black chrome	1993
1940001–1941000	Leica R7	Black chrome	1993
1941001–1991000	Leica Mini Zoom	Zoom	1993
1991001–1993000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1993
1993001–1995000	Leica R6.2	Black chrome	1993
1995001–1997000	Leica M6	Black chrome	1993
1997001–1998000	Leica R6.2	Silver chrome	1993
1998001–1999000	Leica R7	Black chrome	1993
1999001–1999998	Leica R7	Silver chrome	1994
2000000–2000000	Leica M6	Gold Thailand · Gold · special	1994
2000001–2000001	Leica R7	for WWF	1994
2000002–2000010	Unassigned camera allocation	unused	1994
2000011–2000999	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1994
2001354–2001999	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1994
2002101–2003000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1994
2003001–2004000	Leica M6	Black chrome	1994
2004001–2005000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1994
2005001–2005941	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1994
2005942–2007000	Leica M6	Black chrome	1994
2007001–2008000	Leica R6.2	Silver chrome	1994
2008001–2009000	Leica R7	Silver chrome	1994
2009001–2011000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1994
2011001–2013000	Leica R7	Black chrome	1994
2013001–2063000	Leica Mini Zoom	Zoom	1994
2063001–2065000	Leica M6	Black chrome	1995
2065001–2066000	Leica R7	Silver chrome	1995
2166001–2167000	Leica R7	Black chrome	1995
2167001–2168000	Leica R6.2	Silver chrome	1995
2168001–2170000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1995
2170001–2170500	Leica R6.2	Black chrome	1995
2170501–2171000	Leica R6.2	Silver chrome	1995
2171201–2173000	Leica M6	Black chrome	1995
2173001–2174000	Leica R7	Black chrome	1995
2174001–2176000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1995
2176701–2177000	Leica R6.2	Black chrome	1995
2177001–2177250	Leica M6	Platin Brunei · Platinum · special	1995
2177251–2177750	Leica R7	Black chrome	1995
2177757–2178000	Leica R6.2	Black chrome	1995
2178001–2179000	Leica R6.2	Silver chrome	1995
2179001–2181000	Leica M6	Black chrome	1995
2181001–2181575	Leica R7	Black chrome	1995
2181576–2182000	Leica R7	Black chrome	1995
2182001–2183000	Leica R7	Black chrome	1995
2183001–2184000	Leica R7	Black chrome	1995
2184001–2185000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1995
2185001–2235000	Leica Mini Zoom	Zoom	1995
2235001–2236000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1995
2236001–2236500	Leica R6.2	Black chrome	1996
2236501–2237500	Leica R7	Silver chrome	1996
2237501–2238500	Leica R6.2	Black chrome	1996
2238501–2239000	Leica R7	Black chrome	1996
2239001–2240000	Leica M6	Black chrome	1996
2240001–2241000	Leica R7	Black chrome	1996
2265001–2277000	Leica Mini 3 DB	Data back	1996
2277001–2278000	Leica R6.2	Black chrome	1996
2278001–2278211	Leica M6	Platin Bruckner · Platinum · special	1996
2279001–2280500	Leica M6	Black chrome	1996
2280501–2281000	Leica R6.2	Black chrome	1996
2281401–2282400	Leica R7	Black chrome	1996
2283626–2284125	Leica R6.2	Black chrome	1996
2284126–2284999	Leica M6	Black chrome	1996
2287501–2288500	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1996
2288501–2289500	Leica M6	Black chrome	1996
2289501–2290500	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1996
2295001–2297000	Leica M6	Black chrome	1997
2300000–2300000	Leica M6	Museum edition · special	1997
2321001–2331000	Leica Mini 3 DB	Data back	1997
2331001–2332000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1997
2414001–2416000	Leica M6	Black chrome	1997
2418001–2419000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1997
2419001–2420000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1997
2422001–2423000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1997
2423001–2425000	Leica M6	Black chrome	1997
2425001–2427000	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1997
2429001–2429500	Leica R6.2	Silver chrome	1997
2431501–2431600	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1998
2431601–2431800	Leica M6	Black chrome	1998
2431801–2433800	Leica M6	Black chrome	1998
2455801–2457800	Leica M6	Black chrome	1998
2463801–2463850	Leica M6	Silver chrome	1998
2463851–2464100	Leica M6	Black chrome	1998
2470101–2470300	Leica M6	Black chrome	1998
2482301–2482800	Leica R6.2	Silver chrome	1999
2482801–2487800	Leica Z2X	Data back	1999
2490000–2490150	Leica M6	150 Years edition	1999
2490157–2495150	Leica Z2X	Data back	1999
2500001–2502000	Leica M6	Black paint	1999
2502001–2517000	Leica Z2X	Data back	1999
2527001–2547000	Leica Digilux Zoom	Zoom	1999
2552001–2552500	Leica R6.2	Silver chrome	1999
2571001–2581000	Leica Z2X	Data back	1999
2591001–2591500	Leica R6.2	Silver chrome	2000
2676501–2680500	Leica 0-Series replica	special	2000
2703801–2704300	Leica R6.2	Silver chrome	2000
2720301–2720385	Leica R6.2	Silver chrome	2000
2726401–2731400	Leica Z2X	Data back	2000
2753001–2753100	Leica M6 TTL	Hansa edition · special	2001
2753951–2755000	Leica M6 TTL	Titanium · special	2001
2782001–2782010	Leica R6.2	Silver chrome	2001
2782011–2782020	Leica R6.2	Black chrome	2001
2942101–2942114	Leica MP	LHSA edition · special	2003
2942115–2942200	Leica MP	LHSA edition · special	2003
2947201–2947800	Leica MP	LHSA edition · Hammer-tone · special	2003
2967801–2982800	Leica CM Zoom	Zoom	2003
2984001–2984400	Leica MP	LHSA edition · Hammer-tone · special	2003
3000001–3001000	Leica M7	50 Years M edition · Titanium · special	2003
3001001–3001595	Leica MP	LHSA edition · Hammer-tone · special	2003
3002001–3003000	Leica 0-Series replica	special	2004
3005001–3005600	Leica MP	Anthracite	2004
3005758–3005772	Leica MP	Anthracite	2004
3005774–3006398	Leica MP	Anthracite	2004
3008101–3009100	Leica MP	À la carte	2004
3009101–3010100	Leica M7	À la carte	2004
3010101–3010600	Leica MP	SGR edition · special	2004
3010601–3011100	Leica MP	À la carte	2004
3027101–3027200	Leica MP	Korea · special	2005
3092701–3093000	Leica MP	À la carte	2006
3096501–3099999	Unassigned camera allocation	unused	2006
3112501–3121955	Unassigned camera allocation	unused	2006
3121956–3122006	Leica M7	CPA edition · special	2006
3122101–3122297	Leica MP	Titanium · Japan · special	2006

Military and internal cameras

Factory, military, scientific, prototype, demonstration, and internal-use cameras may not follow ordinary consumer allocations. This release does not infer a military or internal identity from an unexplained number. Such a claim requires an archival record or specialist examination.